Charles King

Overview

Gods of the Upper Air by Charles King is a captivating and insightful book that explores the life and work of a group of trailblazing social scientists known as the "Benedict Circle." This circle was led by the influential anthropologist Ruth Benedict and included other prominent figures such as Margaret Mead and Zora Neale Hurston. Through their groundbreaking research and advocacy, the members of the Benedict Circle challenged mainstream ideas about race, gender, and culture, laying the foundation for the modern study of anthropology and significantly influencing societal attitudes in the 20th century.

Key Points / Ideas

King elucidates several key arguments and insights throughout the book, providing readers with a comprehensive understanding of the impact and significance of the Benedict Circle's work:

1. Challenging Cultural Assumptions

One of the main arguments of Gods of the Upper Air is that the members of the Benedict Circle were instrumental in challenging prevailing cultural assumptions of their time. They emphasized the importance of understanding different cultures on their own terms, shifting the focus from judgment to appreciation. Through their fieldwork and research, they sought to dismantle stereotypes and biases and foster a more nuanced understanding of human diversity.

For example, Margaret Mead's studies in Samoa highlighted the variability of adolescent experiences across cultures, undermining the claim that adolescence is universally characterized by turmoil. Zora Neale Hurston's research in Harlem emphasized the vibrancy and creativity of African American culture, countering prevailing narratives of racial inferiority.

2. Anthropology as a Tool for Social Change

The book also emphasizes the role of anthropology as a tool for social change. The members of the Benedict Circle saw their work not merely as academic pursuits but as a means to understand and transform society. They believed that by challenging dominant narratives and providing more nuanced perspectives, they could contribute to a more inclusive and just world.

Ruth Benedict's writing, such as her influential book Patterns of Culture, sought to promote cultural relativism and challenge ethnocentrism. She argued that a deeper understanding of cultural differences could foster empathy and reduce conflicts.

3. The Intersectionality of Identity

Gods of the Upper Air also explores the role of identity, particularly in relation to race and gender. The members of the Benedict Circle recognized the importance of considering identity as multifaceted and interconnected, breaking away from the simplistic categorizations prevalent in their time.

Zora Neale Hurston's research and writing showcased the richness and complexity of African American culture, emphasizing the importance of understanding individuals within their community and historical context. Margaret Mead's work challenged gender norms and highlighted the cultural variability of gender roles across societies.

Conclusion

Gods of the Upper Air is a thought-provoking and engrossing book that sheds light on the remarkable contributions of the Benedict Circle and their lasting impact on the field of anthropology and society at large. Charles King's in-depth research and engaging storytelling bring to life the struggles and triumphs of these trailblazing social scientists, offering readers a deeper understanding of the power of cultural understanding and the potential for social change.

For those interested in further exploring the topics discussed in the book, recommended readings include "Coming of Age in Samoa" by Margaret Mead and "Their Eyes Were Watching God" by Zora Neale Hurston. These works provide firsthand accounts of the research and experiences of two influential members of the Benedict Circle, enriching one's understanding of their contributions and perspectives.